Post consumer scrap film recycling process

ABSTRACT

A system and method for processing a supply of post-consumer scrap linear low density or low density polyethylene film into near-virgin quality blown film product. The method includes tearing the supply of film in a shredder, wherein the surface area of the film is exposed, including delaminating the film. The torn supply of film is washed in a water bath including a surfactant. The film is agitated in the bath containing the surfactant wherein contaminants on the film are removed from the film. The washed film is ground into smaller pieces and additional washing of the ground film in a rotating friction washer and a sink float tank occurs wherein additional contaminants are removed from the film. The ground film is then dried and compacted without addition of water into granulated objects of near-virgin quality blown film product.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS

This patent application is a continuation of copending U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/063,045, filed Oct. 25, 2013, which is acontinuation-in-part of copending U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/796,143, filed Mar. 12, 2013, both of which are continuations-in-partof U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/024,088, filed Feb. 9, 2011, nowU.S. Pat. No. 8,567,702, issued on Oct. 29, 2013, all of which areentitled “Post-Consumer Scrap Film Recycling Process,” all of whichpatent applications are assigned to the assignee of the presentinvention, and all of which patent applications are hereby incorporatedherein by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a process for recycling scrap, and moreparticularly to a process for recycling post-consumer scrap linear lowdensity polyethylene film and post-consumer low density polyethylenefilm.

Recycling of post-consumer plastic waste has received considerablepublicity as being environmentally correct and “green.” It is known thatthe majority of municipal, mixed post-consumer plastic waste includespolyethylene perephthalathe (PET) materials, such as used in sodabottles and unpigmented high density polyethylene (HDPE) materials, suchas milk bottles. In a typical recycling procedure, the containerscomposed of PET and HDPE are separated from other waste which is thenshredded into smaller pieces, cleaned, heated and extruded or granulizedfor reuse as other products.

One type of post-consumer scrap (PC) that has been difficult to recycleis polyethylene film. Typically, the PC film material is a “stretchwrap” linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). Because of the strengthcharacteristics and the stretch characteristic of the LLDPE such film isused as a baling material and wrap material for palletized loads orbaling processes. Another type of PC film is low density polyethylene(LDPE) used as a wrap and as a bag.

LLDPE film is used in wrapping and securing boxes, containers, orsimilar items on a pallet during shipping. Upon arrival at a givendestination, such PC film is removed from the palletized materials andscrapped. Such PC film typically has labels that are glued onto theoutside of the film as well as various markings that are placed on thefilm during the shipping process. The PC film typically is wrappedaround the materials on the pallets several times so that there arelayers upon layers of the film.

PC film is also used to bale other scrap material. When PC film isremoved from the pallets or other bales, because of the high level ofcontamination such as dirt, oil, biological material, layering, labeladhesives, etc. the PC film is either tossed in a landfill or processedas a filler for other plastic products. Reuse of the PC film as a viableblown film product for use as industrial film or a bag product hasgenerally not been instituted. Typically, such used film has limited usedue to high level of contamination present which, in turn, causes severeprocessing issues as well as unpleasant properties in the finishedproduct, for example, odor, discoloration, and “pitted” appearance.

The apparatus implementing the present disclosure must also be ofconstruction which is both durable and long lasting, and it should alsorequire little or no maintenance to be provided by the user throughoutits operating lifetime. In order to enhance the market appeal of theapparatus of the present disclosure, it should also be of inexpensiveconstruction to thereby afford it the broadest possible market. Finally,it is also an objective that all of the aforesaid advantages andobjectives be achieved without incurring any substantial relativedisadvantage.

The subject matter discussed in this background of the invention sectionshould not be assumed to be prior art merely as a result of its mentionin the background of the invention section. Similarly, a problemmentioned in the background of the invention section or associated withthe subject matter of the background of the invention section should notbe assumed to have been previously recognized in the prior art. Thesubject matter in the background of the invention section merelyrepresents different approaches, which in and of themselves may also beinventions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The disadvantages and limitations of the background art discussed aboveare overcome by the present disclosure.

There is provided a system for processing a supply of post-consumerscrap linear low density polyethylene film or low density polyethylenefilm into near-virgin quality blown film product that includes: ashredder for shredding the supply of film, wherein the plastic film istorn and delaminated by the shredder, exposing surface area of the film;a water bath for washing the shredded film with an additive having asurfactant and agitating the shredded film in the bath, whereincontaminates are removed from the shredded film; a wet grinder forgrinding the washed film; a rotating friction washer for washing theground film to remove additional contaminates from the ground film; apostwash sink float water bath for washing the ground film andsubjecting the ground film to mechanical and hydraulic agitation; adryer for drying the washed film; and a compactor for compacting thedry, ground film, without the addition of water, into granulated objectsof near-virgin quality blown film product.

In the system for processing film, the postwash sink float water bathmay include: a water tank configured to hold water; at least onepaddlewheel in fluid communication with the water; a baffle honeycomb inthe water tank proximate the tank bottom; a water spray system coupledto the water tank and extending over the water with a plurality of spraybars configured to direct water jets into the water in the water tank;and a waterfall separator configured to move the film to a dischargeauger configured to remove the film from the postwash sink float waterbath.

The water tank of the postwash sink float water bath may be configuredto move water in one direction from one end of the tank to another endof the tank. The plurality of spray bars of the water spray system mayextend from one side of the water tank of the postwash sink float waterbath to another side of the water tank of the postwash sink float waterbath and may be configured to direct water jets into the water in thewater tank of the postwash sink float water bath wherein the film isagitated, delaminated, and submerged. The waterfall separator may beconfigured to move the film from the water tank of the postwash sinkfloat water bath, and the waterfall separator may include a centeringauger having opposite facing blades configured to move the film to acenter portion of the waterfall separator accessible by the dischargeauger configured to remove the film from the postwash sink float waterbath.

In the system for processing film, a metal detecting conveyor may beused to detect metal in the supply of film by subjecting the supply offilm to a magnetic field and the metal may be removed from the supply offilm prior to shredding the supply of film in the shredder. A filterscreen may be used to screen shredded plastic film that will be providedto the water bath. In the system for processing film, the dry, groundfilm contains not more than ten percent, by weight, water content. Agranulator may be used to form the granulated objects into pellets afterthe compactor has compacted the dry, ground film.

The additive having a surfactant used by the system for processing filmmay be a detergent. The detergent may include, in addition to thesurfactant, a caustic soda and a soda ash as a sodium percarbonate. Thesurfactant may be a nonionic surfactant, the caustic soda may be sodiumhydroxide, and the soda ash may be sodium carbonate. The nonionicsurfactant comprises low foaming linear alcohol alkoxylate.

The system for processing film may also include a hydrocyclone locatedintermediate the rotating friction washer and the postwash sink floatwater bath for separating at least two different types of the washed,ground film, wherein lighter, washed, ground film may be separated fromheavier, washed, ground film and the lighter, washed, ground film maythen be provided to the postwash sink float water bath. The system forprocessing film may further include a turbo washer located after therotating friction washer and prior to the hydrocyclone for washing theground film to provide additional cleansing of the ground film andseparation of contaminants from the ground film.

There is provided a system for processing a supply of post-consumerscrap linear low density polyethylene film or low density polyethylenefilm into near-virgin quality blown film product that includes: a metaldetector for detecting and removing metal from the supply of film; ashredder for shredding the supply of film after metal removal, whereinthe plastic film is torn and delaminated by the shredder, exposingsurface area of the film; a filter screen through which the shreddedplastic film is discharged from the shredder to a water bath, whereinthe water bath washes the shredded film with an additive having asurfactant and agitates the shredded film in the water bath to removecontaminates from the shredded film; a wet grinder for grinding thewashed film; a rotating friction washer for washing the ground film toremove additional contaminates from the ground film; a hydrocyclone forseparating lighter, washed, ground film from heavier, washed, groundfilm; a postwash sink float water bath for washing the lighter, washed,ground film and subjecting it film to mechanical and hydraulicagitation; a dryer for drying the washed film; and a compactor forcompacting the dry, ground film, without the addition of water, intogranulated objects of near-virgin quality blown film product.

In this system for processing film, the postwash sink float water bathmay also include: a water tank configured to hold water; at least onepaddlewheel in fluid communication with the water; a baffle honeycomb inthe water tank proximate the tank bottom; a water spray system coupledto the water tank and extending over the water with a plurality of spraybars configured to direct water jets into the water in the water tank;and a waterfall separator configured to move the film to a dischargeauger configured to remove the film from the postwash sink float waterbath.

There is additionally provided a system for processing a supply ofpost-consumer scrap linear low density polyethylene film or low densitypolyethylene film into near-virgin quality blown film product thatincludes: a metal detector for detecting and removing metal from thesupply of film; a shredder for shredding the supply of film after metalremoval, wherein the plastic film is torn by the shredder, exposingsurface area of the film; a filter screen through which the shreddedplastic film is discharged from the shredder to a water bath, whereinthe water bath agitates the shredded film in the water bath including adetergent; a wet grinder for grinding the washed film; a rotatingfriction washer for washing the ground film to remove contaminates fromthe ground film; a hydrocyclone for separating lighter, washed, groundfilm from heavier, washed, ground film; a postwash sink float water bathfor washing the lighter, washed, ground film and subjecting it film tomechanical and hydraulic agitation; a dryer for drying the washed filmso that it contains not more than ten percent, by weight, water content;a compactor for compacting the dry, ground film, without the addition ofwater; and a granulator that forms the granulated objects into pelletsafter the compactor has compacted the dry, ground film.

In this additional system for processing film, the postwash sink floatwater bath may also include: a water tank configured to hold water; atleast one paddlewheel in fluid communication with the water; a bafflehoneycomb in the water tank proximate the tank bottom; a water spraysystem coupled to the water tank and extending over the water with aplurality of spray bars configured to direct water jets into the waterin the water tank; and a waterfall separator configured to move the filmto a discharge auger configured to remove the film from the postwashsink float water bath.

This additional system for processing film may also have the water tankof the postwash sink float water bath configured to move water in onedirection from one end of the tank to another end of the tank.

There is also provided a method for processing a supply of post-consumerscrap linear low density polyethylene film or low density polyethylenefilm into near-virgin quality blown film product. The method includes:shredding the supply of film in a shredder, wherein the plastic film istorn and delaminated, exposing surface area of the film; washing theshredded film in a water bath with an additive having a surfactant andagitating the shredded film in the bath, wherein contaminates areremoved from the shredded film; grinding the washed film in a wetgrinder and washing the ground film in a rotating friction washer,wherein additional contaminates are removed from the ground film;washing the ground film in a postwash sink float water bath, wherein theground film is subjected to mechanical and hydraulic agitation in thepostwash sink float water bath; drying the washed film; and compactingthe dry, ground film, without the addition of water, into granulatedobjects of near-virgin quality blown film product.

The postwash sink float water bath may include: a water tank configuredto hold water; at least one paddlewheel in fluid communication with thewater; a baffle honeycomb in the water tank proximate the tank bottom;and a water spray system coupled to the water tank and extending overthe water with a plurality of spray bars configured to direct water jetsinto the water in the water tank. The postwash sink float water bath mayalso include: a waterfall separator configured to move the film to adischarge auger configured to remove the film from the postwash sinkfloat water bath.

The water tank of the postwash sink float water bath may be configuredto move water in one direction from one end of the tank to another endof the tank. The plurality of spray bars of the water spray system mayextend from one side of the water tank of the postwash sink float waterbath to another side of the water tank of the postwash sink float waterbath and may be configured to direct water jets into the water in thewater tank of the postwash sink float water bath wherein the film isagitated, delaminated, and submerged. The waterfall separator may beconfigured to move the film from the water tank of the postwash sinkfloat water bath, and the waterfall separator may include a centeringauger having opposite facing blades configured to move the film to acenter portion of the waterfall separator accessible by the dischargeauger configured to remove the film from the postwash sink float waterbath.

The method for processing the supply of film may also include detectingmetal in the supply of film by subjecting the supply of film to amagnetic field and removing metal from the supply of film prior toshredding the supply of film in the shredder. The shredded plastic filmmay be discharged through a filter screen to the water bath. In themethod of processing the supply of film, the dry, ground film containsnot more than ten percent, by weight, water content. The granulatedobjects may also be formed into pellets after the compacting step.

The additive having a surfactant for washing the shredded film in thewater bath may be a detergent. The detergent may include, in addition tothe surfactant, a caustic soda and a soda ash as a sodium percarbonate.The surfactant may be a nonionic surfactant, the caustic soda may besodium hydroxide, and the soda ash may be sodium carbonate. The nonionicsurfactant comprises low foaming linear alcohol alkoxylate.

The method for processing the supply of film may also include, after thegrinding and washing step and prior to the washing step in the postwashsink float water bath, the step of separating at least two differenttypes of the washed, ground film in a hydrocyclone, wherein lighter,washed, ground film is separated from heavier, washed, ground film andthe lighter, washed, ground film provided to the postwash sink floatwater bath. The method for processing the supply of film may furtherinclude, prior to washing the ground film in a rotating friction washer,the step of washing the ground film in a turbo washer to provideadditional cleansing of the ground film and separation of contaminantsfrom the ground film.

The method of processing the supply of film may utilize in at least oneof the washing processes hot water having a temperature of at least 140°F. but not more than 190° F.

The apparatus to implement the present disclosure is of a constructionwhich is both durable and long lasting, and which will require little orno maintenance to be provided by the user throughout its operatinglifetime. The apparatus of the present disclosure is also of inexpensiveconstruction to enhance its market appeal and to thereby afford it thebroadest possible market. Finally, all of the aforesaid advantages andobjectives are achieved without incurring any substantial relativedisadvantage.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other advantages of the present invention are best understoodwith reference to the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an exemplary embodiment of a process forrecycling post-consumer scrap (PC) film;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of an apparatus configured to process PCfilm in accord with the flow chart illustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a top schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of a postwashsink tank water bath illustrating water and product flow in the tank;

FIG. 4 is a top schematic view of the postwash sink tank water bathillustrated in FIG. 3 including a mechanical and a hydraulic agitationsystem;

FIG. 5 is a side schematic view of the postwash sink tank water bathillustrated in FIG. 4 illustrating exemplary embodiments ofpaddlewheels, an auger and a baffle system components of the mechanicalagitation system;

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a watertreatment apparatus coupled to the system apparatus illustrated in FIG.2;

FIG. 7 is a top schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of a postwashsink tank water bath illustrating water and product flow in the tankfrom one end of the tank to another end of the tank in one direction;

FIG. 8 is a top schematic view of the postwash sink tank water bathillustrated in FIG. 7 including a mechanical and a hydraulic agitationsystem, including a plurality of spray bars across the width of the tankand a centering auger; and

FIG. 9 is a side schematic view of the postwash sink tank water bathillustrated in FIG. 8 illustrating exemplary embodiments ofpaddlewheels, a centering auger, a discharge auger, and a baffle systemcomponents of the mechanical agitation system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

There is provided a method and apparatus for recycling post-consumerscrap (PC) such as PC film which is difficult to recycle because oflabels that are glued on the outside of the film as well as variousmarkings that are placed on the film during the shipping process andother contaminates. In order to provide a viable blown film product thatcan be reused, the labeling, adhesives, other applied markings, andcontaminates have to be removed from the PC film. It is the objective ofthe present disclosure to process the PC film (LLDPE and LDPE) into anear-virgin quality blown film product that can be used by itself orcombined with virgin material.

For purposes of this application the term “near-virgin” shall mean aquality of the PC film compared to virgin material of blown filmproduct. A test for such quality is a visual gel detection test. Forpurposes of this Application a “gel” is an unmelted portion of PC filmor unmelted contaminate. In the test, the number of gels, independent oftheir size, is determined on a 12 inch by 12 inch square sample. Virginmaterial has a gel count of between 10 and 0 gels. Near-virgin materialhas a gel count of between 1,000 and 11 gels. The Applicants havecompared a conventional PC product to a PC product produced with themethod and apparatus of the present disclosure, resulting in thefollowing:

Film Type Gel Count Conventional PC 52,740 Present Disclosure PC 720Virgin Material 9

Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an exemplaryembodiment of a process for recycling post-consumer scrap film into anear-virgin quality blown film product. FIG. 2 is a schematic top viewof exemplary embodiments of an apparatus layout configured to process PCfilm in accord with the flow chart illustrated in FIG. 1. It should beunderstood that the physical layout of the equipment, as illustrated inFIG. 2, is exemplary and other configurations or equipment layouts arecontemplated that can be arranged within the confines of the particularfacility which utilizes the methods described herein.

A supply of post-consumer scrap linear low density polyethylene film orlow density polyethylene film or a combination of LLDPE and LDPE film 12(hereinafter “PC film”) is placed on a storage conveyor 14. Placement ofthe supply of PC film 12 on the conveyor 14 can be by any convenient andconventional method such as a forklift, crane, hoist, and in someinstances manual disposition. The storage conveyor 14 moves the supplyof PC film 12 to an incline conveyor 15.

The supply of PC film 12 typically is presented in bales held togetherby retainer bands. In a typical operation, the retainer bands are cutand the bale is pulled apart for initial visual inspection. Such processcan be done manually or by a machine as determined by the operator. Ifany non-film objects are initially seen in the supply of PC film 12,such objects are removed either manually or by machine.

The unbaled supply of PC film 12 is then moved by the storage conveyor14 to a conveyor 15 through or near a metal detector 16 to facilitateremoval of certain forms of metal. The metal detector 16 typically is aninduction metal detector which has several forms of magnets, for exampleelectromagnets, to detect and assist in removal of ferrous materialsautomatically. It is also contemplated that a series of permanentmagnets within appropriate distances to the supply of PC film 12 canalso be used to detect and/or remove ferrous metal objects. Other typesof detectors, for example an x-ray machine, can also be used to detectnon-film objects.

The incline conveyor 15 moves the supply of PC film 12 to a shredder 18,for example a Vecoplan or Wiema shredder that is configured totear-shred the PC film into chunks and pieces and discharges theshredded film through a screen. The screen size and resultant filmsurface area may vary depending upon operational requirements. Oneexample of a screen is one that has a plurality of 3-inch openings.

The shredder 18 is configured to tear the supply of PC film 12 wherein asurface area of the film is exposed. The shredder 18 also delaminatesthe film. Because of typical shipping wrap process, the PC film islayered one layer on top of another and the shredder 18 is configured todelaminate such layers, i.e. separate the film layers from one another.A shredder configured to cut the film, typically fuses the film layersmaking cleaning the film difficult, if not impossible.

The shredded supply of PC film is moved by a discharge belt 20 to a washand transport screw 22. The wash and transport screw 22 wets theshredded film and conveys the film to a prewash/sink/float tankapparatus 24. While in the float/sink 24 apparatus, further separationof high density materials not recognized by the metal detector 16, forexample stone, glass, or sand, sink to the bottom of the apparatus 24for later removal. While in the float/sink/float tank apparatus 24 thefilm is further made wet by agitation, performed, for example, by aseries of rotating paddles.

Additional cleaning of the PC film is accomplished, by surfactants, forexample, detergents, and other compounds mixed in the tank to furtherclean the film of all contaminants, such as inks, adhesives, etc.

Surfactants are substances that are added to liquids to reduce thesurface tension of the liquid thereby increasing the liquid's spreadingand wetting properties. Surfactants are used to disperse aqueoussuspensions of insoluble dyes, for example. Such additives also softenadhesives used to attach labels to the PC film. A preferred surfactantwill include a detergent, an oxidizer, and a bleaching agent. It shouldbe understood that the surfactant may include other chemicals oradditives, including ionic and non-ionic agents. In addition to thecleaning of the PC film, while in the sink/float tank apparatus 24, theagitation also promotes delamination of the PC film which has a tendencyto stick to itself.

Detergent chemicals are added to the hot wash section of the wash line.Several individual chemicals comprise the complete detergent system; allare dosed separately so that the amounts added can be variedindependently by the operator. The detergent system is phosphate freeand chlorine free.

The purpose of the detergent chemicals is to facilitate the removal ofvarious contaminants such as dirt, paper, adhesives, grease, and inksfrom the PC film and flake. The chemicals also aid in carrying thecontaminants away from the surface of the flake before they can beredeposited.

The washing process is continuous in the system 10. The exact amount oftime that the flake is exposed to the detergent chemicals is not known.It is estimated that it is only a few minutes; for this reason theconcentrations of each chemical are kept at high values in order tomaximize the cleaning of the PC film and flake in the shortest amount oftime possible.

The detergent system consists of the following chemicals: a nonionicsurfactant, caustic soda (sodium hydroxide), soda ash (sodiumcarbonate), and sodium percarbonate and is fully described below. Thechemicals are introduced into the system 10 in the reaction tank 90 ofthe water treatment apparatus 60. (See FIG. 6).

The nonionic surfactant is a low foaming linear alcohol alkoxylate. Thesurfactant solubilizes contaminants, keeps them in suspension in thewashing solution, and prevents them from redepositing onto the flake.The surfactant is added per a timed dosing pump. The concentration ofthe surfactant in the system is not monitored in-line as this type ofmonitoring is not easily achievable. Water from the system can besampled and concentration can be determined in the laboratory using theStandard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (#5540 D,Nonionic Surfactants as CTAS). Alternatively a titration can beperformed such as the procedure outlined in Anal. Chem. 1995, 67,1872-1880. It is expected that the concentration varies greatly due tothe variation of the flake and the overall water flow in the wash line.However, based on calculations involving water usage and the dosingschedule, the concentration of surfactant in the hot wash section of thewash line is expected to remain well above the critical micelleconcentration (CMC) of the surfactant, therefore a concentrationsufficient to achieve cleaning is maintained.

Caustic soda is added to maintain a constant high pH value in thesystem. Caustic soda is added via a pump that doses per a feedbacksystem from an in-line pH meter. It has been determined that optimalcleaning is achieved when the pH is at least 11.

Soda ash is added to maintain a high level of alkalinity in the hot washsystem. Soda ash helps to break down acidic contaminants due to its highalkalinity, and it also binds remaining calcium ions that wouldotherwise interfere with the surfactant. Soda ash is added directly tothe hot wash section of the wash line as a solid powder. The amount ofsoda ash in the hot wash section of the wash line is monitored usingin-line conductivity meters. Soda ash is added to maintain aconductivity value of greater than 15 mS.

Sodium percarbonate is added as a bleaching agent in the wash line andhelps to maintain alkalinity. The dissociation of the molecule insolution, at the elevated temperature in the hot wash section of thewash line, produces “active oxygen” (HOO—), which promotes a bleachingmechanism. Sodium percarbonate is added directly to the hot wash sectionof the wash line as a solid powder. Approximately equal amounts of sodaash and sodium percarbonate are used. The amount of active oxygen is notmeasured in the wash line, however sodium percarbonate contributes tothe overall conductivity value, the monitoring and target value of whichare described above.

The water throughout the wash line remains very soft, less than 5 ppmCaCO₃. This helps to overcome the issues that may otherwise result fromthe use of a phosphate-free cleaning system. It also allows for maximumeffectiveness of the detergent system, especially in light of the shortexposure time between the detergent and flake.

After a period of time as determined by the operator, the PC filmfragments are conveyed to a first granular 26 from the sink/float tankapparatus 24. The first granular 26 further reduces in size the PC filmarea received from the shredder and sink/float tank 24. A typicalparticle size after the first granulation process is approximatelythree-quarters of an inch. The granulation process in the firstgranulator 26 also promotes further separation of wet labels from thefilm substrate. From the first granulator 26, the PC film is conveyed toa friction washer 28.

The granulated PC film is washed in the friction washer 28 which isconfigured with an inclined cylindrical trough and an incline fastrunning paddle screw to dewater and clean ground material dischargedfrom the first granulator 26. The screw is fixed in the housing by meansof bearings and enclosed in a stainless steel screen. The shredded andgranulated material and water are fed at the lower end of the troughwith the screw transporting the material upward and spinning at a speed,for example 1,000 rpms.

The granulated PC film is washed in the friction washer 28 while it isbeing transported to the outlet at the top of the trough. Thecontaminates and the water are passed through the fine stainless steelscreen to the trough wall while the friction of the high speed screwfurther cleans the PC film. It should be understood that the frictionwasher 28 can be positioned in front of or after washing tanks. Asillustrated in FIG. 1, the friction washer 28 is positioned after aturbo washer 30. A friction washer 28 is also positioned after the wetgrinder 26 as illustrated in FIG. 1. In FIG. 2, the turbo washer 30 ispositioned after the friction washer 28.

Operation of the turbo washer 30 can be either with cold water or hotwater. In the case of a hot water bath, the temperature can be in therange of 120° F. to 170° F., with the preferred temperature being awater temperature of at least 140° F. but not more than about 190° F.The hot water is used to affect additional cleaning of the PC film inthe washer in addition to the rotary motion imparted to the PC film.Temperatures over 190° F. tend to distort and/or melt the PC film.

The granulated supply of PC film 12 is moved by a pump 32 to a watercyclone, also referred to as a hydrocyclone 34, such as for example ahydrocyclone produced by Herbold Meckesheim. The hydrocyclone 34operates under water pressure from the pump 32 which moves water in aspiral to further separate contaminates from the PC film and furtherseparate layers of the PC film by rotational forces of the moving waterwithin the hydrocyclone 34.

The PC film leaves the hydrocyclone 34 at its upper end with the mainstream of water, with any sinking material (higher density material) atthe lower end. The hydrocyclone 34 operates in conjunction with the pump32 and the turbo washer 30 to provide additional cleansing of the PCfilm and separation of contaminants from the PC film. The water from thehydrocyclone 34 continues to transport the contaminates to a vibratingscreening apparatus 38 and a second friction washer 36.

The granulated PC film exits the friction washer 36 which at this pointin the process 10 is configured as a flake. The flake is conveyed anddeposited into a postwash sink floatwater bath 64 in a large open toptank 66 of a predetermined length (for example 60 feet). The flake isimmediately immersed in the bath and agitated using several methods,both mechanical and hydraulic. Paddlewheels 68, 70 (in someconfigurations an auger may be used to move the flakes in the water)force the PC film below the surface of the water to thoroughly wet thematerial and separate it from other flake pieces. In this water bath 64heavier films sinks to the bottom of the tank 66 and prime productfloats to the surface since polyethylene film is less dense. The film ismoved along the surface of the water by current flow or in sequence tothe propulsion of the paddlewheels and also by a water spray system 78.Water jets of the water spray system 78 are configured to providesufficient force through a supply tube 80 and a plurality of spray bars82, to assist the propelling the floating flake, and act to provide anadditional separation function by driving the flakes of film under thewater, separating it, which further helps rinse the product of anyresidue accumulated on the film from the prior wash cycles 28, 30, 36.The conveyed floating flake is then discharged from the bath to awaterfall separator 84 into a discharge auger 86 and conveying systemwhich removes excess water and conveys the semi wet film into a pair ofturbo dryers 44.

The postwash sink float water bath apparatus 64 is configured to removeany debris from the PC film (flakes) not otherwise separated from thefilm. The apparatus 64 also rinses the flakes of any residue thataccumulated on the film from the prior wash cycles. From the last washapparatus 34/36 the film is deposited into one end of a sink float tank66 (see FIG. 3).

In one embodiment, the sink float tank 66 is configured to move thefilm, typically floating on the water surface, from one end of the tank66 to the other end of the tank and then back. (See FIGS. 3, 4, and 5).

In another embodiment, the sink float tank 66 of the postwash sink floatwater bath apparatus 64 is configured to move the film, typicallyfloating on the water surface, from one end 98 of the tank 66 to theother end 100 of the tank in one direction. (See FIGS. 7, 8, and 9).

Because the film normally tends to float on the water surface, the tank66 is provided with agitation devices to not only move the film withinthe tank 66 but also to immerse and submerge the film, i.e., force thefilm pieces under water, throughout its migration in the tank 66. Thebottom of the tank 66 includes a baffle honeycomb 72 configured withvertical baffles 77 and angled baffles 76. The number of baffles and theangle of the angled baffle 76 are determined by the user of theapparatus 64 in light of the length of the tank 66. The angle of thebaffles 76 may be at an angle determined by the user and adjacentbaffles 76 may be at different angles. The vertical baffles 74 may bethe same height or different adjacent heights. Various combinations ofbaffles 74, 76 may also be arranged. In a preferred configuration, thetank is 60 feet long and is open at the top.

As water is moved in the tank 66 the baffle honeycomb 72 causesturbulence in the water stream which agitates the floating flakes offilm. Movement of the flakes, and the water, in the tank 66 isfacilitated by a paddlewheel 68 which is in fluid communication with thewater surface. The paddlewheel 68 may be an emersion paddlewheel with asubstantial portion of its structure below the water line of the tank66. In addition to the paddlewheel 68, a number of surface paddlewheels70 are coupled to the tank 66 to assist in movement of the water and thefloating flakes of film from one end 98 of the tank to the other end100. (See FIGS. 8 and 9). Appropriate motors are coupled to thepaddlewheels 68, 70. The paddlewheels 68, 70 may operate at differentrevolutions per minute as determined by an operator or controller.

In addition to the mechanical agitation imparted to the water andfloating film, a water spray system 78 is coupled to the tank 66. (SeeFIG. 8). A supply tube 80 is coupled to a pump with the supply tubeextending over the open tank. Spray bars 82 extend from the supply tube80 typically, perpendicularly to the supply tube. In one embodiment thesupply tube 80 extends along a centerline of the sink tank 66 with thespray bars 82 extending to each side 102 of the tank covering the fullwidth of the tank. In another embodiment, the supply tube 80 extendsalong one side of the tank 66 and the spray bars 82 extend from thesupply tube the full width of the tank 66.

The spray bars 82 are configured with spray nozzles that jet the waterfrom the supply tube 80 with a force sufficient to move the flakes offilm within the tank but also to drive the flakes of film under waterwhich facilitates additional separation, delamination, and rinsing ofany residues accumulated on the film flakes. Such hydraulic agitationassists the mechanical agitation described above to more fully rinse andcleanse and separate the film flakes.

In one embodiment, at one end of the float tank 66, a waterfallseparator 84 facilitates movement of the film flakes to a dischargeauger 86. (See FIGS. 4 and 5). The auger 86 moves the film flakes to thedryer stations 44 to continue in the system 10.

In another embodiment, the waterfall separator 84 includes a centeringauger 92. The waterfall separator 84 discharges the film flakes to thecentering auger 92. The centering auger 92 rotates (coupled to asuitable motor) and is configured with opposite facing (left hand 94 andright hand 96) screw blade portions. As the centering auger 92 rotates,the film flakes are moved toward a center portion 85 of the waterfallseparator 84 to the discharge auger 86. (See FIGS. 8 and 9) The auger 86moves the film flakes to the dry station 44 to continue in the system10.

Upon exiting the postwash sink float water bath 64, the PC film isdeposited in a first turbo dryer 44. The turbo dryer 44 removes moisturefrom the PC film and through a pneumatic transport system 42 depositsthe PC film in a second turbo dryer 44. The second turbo dryer 44removes additional moisture from the PC film. The PC film now istypically in the form of separate flakes and is then deposited in a filmflake buffer silo 48.

Additional drying may be performed in a thermal drying apparatus whichuses heat to remove additional moisture from the PC flakes. A series ofpneumatic transport tubes and system 42 interconnect the first turbodryer, the second turbo dryer, the thermal drying apparatus (ifincluded), and a film flake buffer silo 48. It should be understood thatadditional turbo dryer and thermal drying apparatuses can be installedin the system and coupled to pneumatic transport tubes.

From the film flake buffer silo 48, a pneumatic transport system tube 42moves the PC film flakes to a plastcompactor apparatus 50, which may beany commercially available such device. In one such plastcompactor, theplastcompactor 50 operates with a rotating and a fixed compaction diskwith both disks configured with a screw-fitted and replaceable kneadingrails. The PC film is conveyed continuously from the feed silo 48through the center of the fixed disk into the processing area of theplastcompactor 50 by means of a feed screw. The material is rapidlyheated up by the friction against and between the compactor disks.During the operation in the plastcompactor apparatus, the PC material iswarmed up because of friction and starts to soften. The PC surfacesstart to fuse resulting in worm-shaped formations. The additionalheating in the plastcompactor 50 further reduces moisture in the PCfilm. In a typical operation of the methods described herein, the PCfilm has a moisture content of not more than 10% by weight.

From the plastcompactor apparatus 50 the worm-shaped formations aremoved to a second granulator 52 which reduces the worm-shaped formationsto the required agglomerated granulated object size. The specific sizeof the agglomerated PC film is selected by changing a screen inside thesecond granulator 52. The plastcompactor apparatus 50 further removesany additional moisture from the PC film and compacts the dry groundfilm, without addition of water, into the granulated objects ofnear-virgin quality blown film product.

In one embodiment of the method, a controller is used to control thevarious functions of the apparatus including water temperatures, airpressures time periods, a specific machine granular size, and speed ofoperation.

The controller may be a microprocessor coupled to the various apparatusof the system. The controller may also be a server coupled to an arrayof peripherals or a desktop computer, or a laptop computer, or asmart-phone. It is also contemplated that the controller is configuredto control each individual machine and may be remote from any of theapparatus. Communication between the controller and the variousapparatus may be either by hardwire or wireless devices. A memory/database coupled to the controller may be remote from the controller. Thecontroller typically includes an input device, for example a mouse, or akeyboard, and a display device, for example a monitor screen or a smartphone. Such devices can be hardwired to the controller or connectedwirelessly with appropriate software, firmware, and hardware. Thedisplay device may also include a printer coupled to the controller. Thedisplay device may be configured to mail or fax reports as determined bya user. The controller may be coupled to a network, for example, a localarea network or a wide area network, which can be one of a hardwirenetwork and a wireless network, for example a Bluetooth network orinternet network, for example, by a WI-FI connection or “cloud”connection.

In another embodiment a water treatment apparatus 60 is coupled to thevarious wash apparatus to recycle and filter the water used within thesystem for continued use. The quality of the water will vary at variousstages of the process, with the recycling and filtering of the watercontrolled by the operator and/or in conjunction with the controller. Anexemplary embodiment of a water treatment apparatus 60 is illustrated inthe schematic shown in FIG. 6.

In a further embodiment, one or more testing stations are installed totest the quality of the PC film being processed. One such test is the“gel count” test described above; however, other appropriate tests canbe implemented as determined by the operator, for example a pH test andtesting by soft water test stations. The test stations can be coupled tothe controller to automatically monitor, test and report results byconfiguring the controller. Testing is typically performed at variousstages of the process as determined by the operator.

For purposes of this disclosure, the term “coupled” means the joining oftwo components (electrical or mechanical) directly or indirectly to oneanother. Such joining may be stationary in nature or moveable in nature.Such joining may be achieved with the two components (electrical ormechanical) and any additional intermediate members being integrallyformed as a single unitary body with one another or the two componentsand any additional member being attached to one another. Such adjoiningmay be permanent in nature or alternatively be removable or releasablein nature.

Although the foregoing description of the present process and apparatushas been shown and described with reference to particular embodimentsand applications thereof, it has been presented for purposes ofillustration and description and is not intended to be exhaustive or tolimit the disclosure to the particular embodiments and applicationsdisclosed. It will be apparent to those having ordinary skill in the artthat a number of changes, modifications, variations, or alterations tothe process and apparatus as described herein may be made, none of whichdepart from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. Theparticular embodiments and applications were chosen and described toprovide the best illustration of the principles of the process and itspractical application to thereby enable one of ordinary skill in the artto utilize the process and apparatus in various embodiments and withvarious modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.All such changes, modifications, variations, and alterations shouldtherefore be seen as being within the scope of the present disclosure asdetermined by the appended claims when interpreted in accordance withthe breadth to which they are fairly, legally, and equitably entitled.

While the current application recites particular combinations offeatures in the claims appended hereto, various embodiments of theinvention relate to any combination of any of the features describedherein whether or not such combination is currently claimed, and anysuch combination of features may be claimed in this or futureapplications. Any of the features, elements, or components of any of theexemplary embodiments discussed above may be claimed alone or incombination with any of the features, elements, or components of any ofthe other embodiments discussed above.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for processing a supply of post-consumerscrap linear low density polyethylene film or low density polyethylenefilm into near-virgin quality blown film product, comprising: a shredderfor shredding the supply of film, wherein the plastic film is torn anddelaminated by the shredder, exposing surface area of the film; a waterbath for washing the shredded film with an additive having a surfactantand agitating the shredded film in the bath, wherein contaminates areremoved from the shredded film; a wet grinder for grinding the washedfilm; a rotating friction washer for washing the ground film to removeadditional contaminates from the ground film; a postwash sink floatwater bath for washing the ground film and subjecting the ground film tomechanical and hydraulic agitation; a dryer for drying the washed film;and a compactor for compacting the dry, ground film, without theaddition of water, into granulated objects of near-virgin quality blownfilm product.
 2. The system of claim 1, additionally comprising: a metaldetecting conveyor for detecting metal in the supply of film bysubjecting the supply of film to a magnetic field and removing metalfrom the supply of film prior to shredding the supply of film in theshredder.
 3. The system of claim 1, additionally comprising: a filterscreen through which the shredded plastic film is discharged from theshredder to the water bath.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein theadditive comprises a detergent.
 5. The system of claim 4, wherein thedetergent comprises, in addition to the surfactant, a caustic soda and asoda ash as a sodium percarbonate.
 6. The system of claim 5, wherein thesurfactant comprises a nonionic surfactant, the caustic soda comprisessodium hydroxide, and the soda ash comprises sodium carbonate.
 7. Thesystem of claim 6, wherein the nonionic surfactant comprises low foaminglinear alcohol alkoxylate.
 8. The system of claim 1, wherein thepostwash sink float water bath comprises: a water tank configured tohold water; at least one paddlewheel in fluid communication with thewater; a baffle honeycomb in the water tank proximate the tank bottom; awater spray system coupled to the water tank and extending over thewater with a plurality of spray bars configured to direct water jetsinto the water in the water tank; and a waterfall separator configuredto move the film to a discharge auger configured to remove the film fromthe postwash sink float water bath.
 9. The system of claim 8, whereinthe water tank of the postwash sink float water bath is configured tomove water in one direction from one end of the tank to another end ofthe tank.
 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the plurality of spray barsof the water spray system extend from one side of the water tank of thepostwash sink float water bath to another side of the water tank of thepostwash sink float water bath and are configured to direct water jetsinto the water in the water tank of the postwash sink float water bathwherein the film is agitated, delaminated, and submerged.
 11. The systemof claim 8, wherein the waterfall separator is configured to move thefilm from the water tank of the postwash sink float water bath, andwherein the waterfall separator includes a centering auger havingopposite facing blades configured to move the film to a center portionof the waterfall separator accessible by the discharge auger configuredto remove the film from the postwash sink float water bath.
 12. Thesystem of claim 1, additionally comprising: a hydrocyclone locatedintermediate the rotating friction washer and the postwash sink floatwater bath for separating at least two different types of the washed,ground film, wherein lighter, washed, ground film is separated fromheavier, washed, ground film and the lighter, washed, ground film isprovided to the postwash sink float water bath.
 13. The system of claim12, additionally comprising: a turbo washer located after the rotatingfriction washer and prior to the hydrocyclone for washing the groundfilm to provide additional cleansing of the ground film and separationof contaminants from the ground film.
 14. The system of claim 1, whereinthe dry, ground film contains not more than ten percent, by weight,water content.
 15. The system of claim 1, further comprising: agranulator that forms the granulated objects into pellets after thecompactor has compacted the dry, ground film.
 16. A system forprocessing a supply of post-consumer scrap linear low densitypolyethylene film or low density polyethylene film into near-virginquality blown film product, comprising: a metal detector for detectingand removing metal from the supply of film; a shredder for shredding thesupply of film after metal removal, wherein the plastic film is torn anddelaminated by the shredder, exposing surface area of the film; a filterscreen through which the shredded plastic film is discharged from theshredder to a water bath, wherein the water bath washes the shreddedfilm with an additive having a surfactant and agitates the shredded filmin the water bath to remove contaminates from the shredded film; a wetgrinder for grinding the washed film; a rotating friction washer forwashing the ground film to remove additional contaminates from theground film; a hydrocyclone for separating lighter, washed, ground filmfrom heavier, washed, ground film; a postwash sink float water bath forwashing the lighter, washed, ground film and subjecting it film tomechanical and hydraulic agitation; a dryer for drying the washed film;and a compactor for compacting the dry, ground film, without theaddition of water, into granulated objects of near-virgin quality blownfilm product.
 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the postwash sinkfloat water bath comprises: a water tank configured to hold water; atleast one paddlewheel in fluid communication with the water; a bafflehoneycomb in the water tank proximate the tank bottom; a water spraysystem coupled to the water tank and extending over the water with aplurality of spray bars configured to direct water jets into the waterin the water tank; and a waterfall separator configured to move the filmto a discharge auger configured to remove the film from the postwashsink float water bath.
 18. A system for processing a supply ofpost-consumer scrap linear low density polyethylene film or low densitypolyethylene film into near-virgin quality blown film product,comprising: a metal detector for detecting and removing metal from thesupply of film; a shredder for shredding the supply of film after metalremoval, wherein the plastic film is torn by the shredder, exposingsurface area of the film; a filter screen through which the shreddedplastic film is discharged from the shredder to a water bath, whereinthe water bath agitates the shredded film in the water bath including adetergent; a wet grinder for grinding the washed film; a rotatingfriction washer for washing the ground film to remove contaminates fromthe ground film; a hydrocyclone for separating lighter, washed, groundfilm from heavier, washed, ground film; a postwash sink float water bathfor washing the lighter, washed, ground film and subjecting it film tomechanical and hydraulic agitation; a dryer for drying the washed filmso that it contains not more than ten percent, by weight, water content;a compactor for compacting the dry, ground film, without the addition ofwater; and a granulator that forms the granulated objects into pelletsafter the compactor has compacted the dry, ground film.
 19. The systemof claim 18, wherein the postwash sink float water bath comprises: awater tank configured to hold water; at least one paddlewheel in fluidcommunication with the water; a baffle honeycomb in the water tankproximate the tank bottom; a water spray system coupled to the watertank and extending over the water with a plurality of spray barsconfigured to direct water jets into the water in the water tank; and awaterfall separator configured to move the film to a discharge augerconfigured to remove the film from the postwash sink float water bath.20. The system of claim 18, wherein the water tank of the postwash sinkfloat water bath is configured to move water in one direction from oneend of the tank to another end of the tank.